Two new British studies bolster idea that Omicron is milder than Delta
Two new British studies provide some early hints that the Omicron variant of the coronavirus may be milder in its effects than the Delta version.
Scientists stress that even if the findings of these early studies hold up, any reductions in severity need to be weighed against the fact that Omicron spreads much faster than Delta and is more able to evade vaccines. Sheer numbers of infections could still overwhelm hospitals.
Still, the new studies released Wednesday seem to bolster earlier research that suggests Omicron may not be as harmful as the Delta variant, said Manuel Ascano Jr., a Vanderbilt University biochemist who studies viruses.
“Cautious optimism is perhaps the best way to look at this,” he said.
An analysis from the Imperial College London COVID-19 response team estimated hospitalization risks for Omicron cases in England, finding that people infected with the variant are about 20% less likely to go to the hospital than those infected with the Delta variant, and 40% less likely to be hospitalized for a night or more.
That analysis included all COVID-19 cases confirmed in the first half of December by PCR tests in England in which the variant could be identified: 56,000 cases of Omicron and 269,000 cases of Delta.
‘Within the next two weeks, it’s almost all going to be Omicron,’ says Los Angeles County Public Health Director Barbara Ferrer.
A separate study out of Scotland, by scientists at the University of Edinburgh and other experts, suggested that the risk of hospitalization was two-thirds less with Omicron than Delta. But that study pointed out that the nearly 24,000 Omicron cases in Scotland were predominantly among younger adults ages 20 to 39. Younger people are much less likely to develop severe cases of COVID-19.
“This national investigation is one of the first to show that Omicron is less likely to result in COVID-19 hospitalization than Delta,” researchers wrote. While the findings are early observations, “they are encouraging,” the authors wrote.
The findings have not yet been peer-reviewed by other experts, the gold standard in scientific research.
Ascano noted that the studies have limitations. For example, the findings are specific to a certain point in time during a quickly changing situation in Britain, and other countries may not fare the same way.
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Matthew Binnicker, director of clinical virology at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., said that in the Scottish study, the percentage of younger people was almost twice as high for the Omicron group compared with the Delta group, and that “could have biased the conclusions to less-severe outcomes caused by Omicron.”
Nonetheless, he said the data were interesting and suggested that Omicron might lead to less-severe disease. He added: “It’s important to emphasize that, if Omicron has a much higher transmission rate compared to Delta, the absolute number of people requiring hospitalization might still increase, despite less-severe disease in most cases.”
Data out of South Africa, where the variant was first detected, have also suggested that Omicron might be milder there. Salim Abdool Karim, a clinical infectious disease epidemiologist in South Africa, said earlier this week that the rate of admissions to hospitals was far lower for Omicron than it was for Delta.
“Our overall admission rate is in the region of around 2% to 4% compared to previously, where it was closer to 20%,” he said. “So even though we’re seeing a lot of cases, very few are being admitted.”
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