Yellen warns Congress that U.S. is expected to hit debt limit Thursday
WASHINGTON — Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen notified Congress on Friday that the U.S. is projected to reach its debt limit Thursday and will then resort to “extraordinary measures” to avoid default.
In a letter to House and Senate leaders, Yellen said her actions will buy time until Congress can pass legislation that will either raise the nation’s $31.4-trillion borrowing authority or suspend it again for a period of time. But she said it’s “critical that Congress act in a timely manner.”
“Failure to meet the government’s obligations would cause irreparable harm to the U.S. economy, the livelihoods of all Americans and global financial stability,” she said.
“In the past, even threats that the U.S. government might fail to meet its obligations have caused real harms, including the only credit rating downgrade in the history of our nation in 2011,” she said. Yellen was referring to the debt ceiling impasse during Barack Obama’s presidency, when Republicans had also just won a House majority.
In this new Congress, the debt ceiling debate will almost certainly trigger a political showdown between newly empowered GOP lawmakers who now control the House and want to cut spending and President Biden and Democratic lawmakers, who had one-party control of Washington for the last two years.
The White House has insisted that it won’t allow the nation’s credit to be held captive to the demands of Republican lawmakers.
“We have seen both Republicans and Democrats come together to deal with this issue,” White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre told reporters Friday. “It is one of the basic items that Congress has to deal with and it should be done without conditions.”
The debt ceiling applies to previous spending, but House GOP leaders liken it to a credit card limit and have said they would raise it only if paired with a spending overhaul.
New House Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-Bakersfield) told reporters in his first news conference that he had a “very good conversation” with Biden about the debt ceiling issue. “We don’t want to put any fiscal problems to our economy and we won’t, but fiscal problems would be continuing to do business as usual,” he said. “We’ve got to change the way we are spending money.”
McCarthy has floated the kind of budget-cap deal that was engineered in the last go-around on the debt ceiling during the Trump administration, which would involve capping federal spending levels in return for the House votes needed to raise the debt limit.
But any effort to compromise with House Republicans could force Biden to bend on his own priorities, such as money for the IRS to ensure that wealthier Americans pay what they owe or domestic programs for children and the poor.
Senate Majority Leader Charles E. Schumer and new House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, both New York Democrats, said in a joint statement Friday that “a default forced by extreme MAGA Republicans could plunge the country into a deep recession and lead to even higher costs for America’s working families on everything from mortgages and car loans to credit card interest rates.”
They noted that the two parties worked together to increase the debt limit three times when Trump was president and Republicans had majorities in the House and Senate. “This time should be no different,” their statement said.
Although Treasury can’t estimate how long the extraordinary measures will allow the U.S. to continue to pay the government’s obligations, Yellen said “it is unlikely that cash and extraordinary measures will be exhausted before early June.”
Shai Akabas, director of economic policy at the Bipartisan Policy Center, told reporters Friday that “this is not the time for panic, but it’s certainly a time for policymakers to begin negotiations in earnest.”
“Most policymakers agree that we have a major fiscal challenge as a country; our debt is unsustainable,” he said, and “there’s no reason why we couldn’t agree on measures to improve our fiscal outcome, and also ensure that we are paying all of our bills in full and on time.”
Treasury first used extraordinary measures in 1985 and has used them at least 16 times since, according to the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, a fiscal watchdog.
Those measures include divesting some payments, such as contributions to federal employees’ retirement plans, to provide headroom to make other payments deemed essential, including those for Social Security and debt instruments.
Past forecasts suggest a default could instantly bury the country in a deep recession, right at a moment of slowing global growth as the U.S. and much of the world face high inflation because of the pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The financial markets could crash and several million workers could be laid off.
The aftershocks could be felt for years. Moody’s Analytics called this risk “cataclysmic” in a 2021 forecast before the previous debt ceiling increase, suggesting that the resulting chaos would be due to government dysfunction, rather than the underlying condition of the U.S. economy.
California Atty. Gen. Rob Bonta said that Eli Lilly, Sanofi and Novo Nordisk are finding ways to “aggressively hike” the price of insulin at the expense of many patients.
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